Questions:
1. What is the difference between humidity and relative humidity?
2. How does moisture enter the air?
3. How is relative humidity measured?
4. Suppose 1 kilogram of rain can hold 16 grams of water vapor but actually holds 8 grams.What is the relative humidity?
5. Suppose that 1 kilogram of the air can hold 15 grams of water vapor but actually 10 grams. What is the relative humidity? How much water vapor is the air if the relative humidity is 100 percent? What if the relative humidity is 30 percent?
6. It is possible for both the temperature and the amount of water vapor in the air change while the relative humidity remains the same? Why or why not?
Answer:
1. The Differences between humidity and relative humidity:
Humidity - is the water vapor that presents in the air.
- caused by the evaporation of surface water
- hard to measure
Relative humidity
- the percentage of moisture presents in the air
- caused by moisture the air holds relative to moisture the air can hold
- easy to measure with psychrometer
2. Moisture can enter the air by
The evaporation of the surface's water due to sun's radiant energy and by the transpiration of plants.
3. Relative humidity can be measured by
Relative humidity is measured by an instrument called psychrometer. With the psychrometer, we have to find difference between dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature. Then use the chart to find the relative humidity expressed as a percentages.
4. a/ Find the relative humidity:
Amount of moisture the air can hold
We know: amount of moist the air holds = 10grams
amount of moisture the air can hold = 15 grams
RH = 10g/15g x 100 = 67%
b/ Find the moisture in the air:
We know: RH = 100%
amount of moisture the air can hold = 15grams
Amount of moisture in the air = 100 x 15grams/ 100 = 15grams
c/ Find the moisture in the air
We know: RH = 30%
amount of moisture the air can hold = 15grams
Amount of moisture in the air = 30 x 15grams/ 100 = 4.5grams
5. If both temperature and amount of moisture in the air change while the relative humidity remains the same is not possible because relative humidity is the percentage of the amount of moisture presents in the air relative to the amount of moisture the air can hold at a particular temperature. If temperature or water vapor change it effect to relative humidity if both of them change the relative humidity also changes too.
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Oceans in the world
For many years only (4) four oceans were officially recognized, and then in the spring of 2000, the International Hydrographic Organization established the Southern Ocean, and determined its limits. Those limits include all water below 60 degrees south, and some of it, like the Arctic Ocean, is frozen.
#1 Pacific (155,557,000 sq km)
#2 Atlantic (76,762,000 sq km)
#3 Indian (68,556,000 sq km)
#4 Southern (20,327,000 sq km)
#5 Arctic (14,056,000 sq km)
But we can say that:
Pacific Ocean: North Pacific Ocean
South Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean: North Atlantic Ocean
South Atlantic Ocean
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Question
1. What causes the global winds in the Northern Hemisphere to curve to the right?
2. Name the Earth’s four majors wind belt.
3. Describe the movement of the three major global winds in the term of unequal heating and Coriolis effect.
4. An airplane trip from New York City to Los Angeles takes longer than the trip from Los Anleges to New York City. Explain why.
Answer
1. In the Northern Hemisphere, the global winds do not move directly from north to south or from south to north, they curve to the right. Because of the Earth’s rotation on its axis, from west to east.
2. The Earth’s four major wind belt:
a. Doldrums
b. Trade winds
c. Prevailing weasterlies
d. Jet Streams
3. The movement of three major global winds in the term of unequal heating and Coriolis effect:
a. Trade Winds:
About 30o north and South of the equator, the warm air rising from the equator cools and begins to sink. Some of the sinking air travels back toward the equator. The rest of the sinking air continues to move toward the poles.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect deflects the trade winds to the right, they became northeast trade. In the Southern Hemisphere, the trade winds are deflected to the left, they become southeast trade.
b. Prevailing Westerlies:
The cool. sinking air that continues to move toward the north and south poles is also influenced by the Coriolis effect. In the Northern Hemisphere, the air deflected to the right. In the Southern Hemisphere, it is deflected to the left. So in both hemispheres, the winds appear to travel from west to east.
c. Polar Easterlies:
In both hemisphere, the westerlies start rising and cooling between 50o and 60o latitude as they approach the poles. Here they meet extremely cold air flowing toward the equator from the poles. This band of air is deflected by the Coriolis effect. As a result winds appear to travel from east to west.
4. An airplane trip from New York City to Los Angeles takes longer than the trip from Los Anleges to New York City. This caused by the Jet streams.
Jet stream is a narrow belt of strong, high speed, and high pressure movement of air. Jet streams flow from west to east. Jet streams’ speed can reach 180 kilometers per hour in summer and 220 kilometers per hour in winter.
An airplane trip from New York City to Los Angeles takes longer than the trip from Los Anleges to New York City. It means that the airplane moves opposite the Jet stream. New York City locates east and Los Angeles locates west. Jet stream flows from west to east. So the trip from east to west would take longer than the trip from west to east it means that it along the Jet stream direction.